参考文献
[1] Brigden W. Uncommon myocardial diseases: the non-coronary cardiomyopathies[J]. Lancet, 1957,273(7008):1243-1249. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(57)91537-4.
[2] 《中华心血管病杂志》编辑委员会心肌病对策专题组 . 关于成人急性病毒性心肌炎诊断参考标准和采纳世界卫生组织及国际心脏病学会联合会工作组关于心肌病定义和分类的意见 [J]. 中华心血管病杂志,1999,27(6):4-6.
[3] Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, et al. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Cardiomyopathies[J]. Circulation,1996,93(5):841-842. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.93.5.841.
[4] Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, et al. Contemporary definitionsand classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on ClinicalCardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention[J]. Circulation, 2006,113(14):1807-1816. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 106.174287.
[5] Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases[J]. Eur Heart J, 2008,29(2):270-276. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342.
[6] 闫丽荣 , 樊朝美 , 张健 . 肥厚型心肌病药物治疗新进展 [J].中华心血管病杂志 ,2018,46(6):502-505. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2018.06.018.
[7] Frey N, Luedde M, Katus HA. Mechanisms of disease:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2011,9(2):91-100. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.159.
[8] Mamidi R, Li J, Doh CY, et al. Impact of the myosin modulator mavacamten on force generation and cross-bridge behavior in a murine model of hypercontractility[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018,7(17):e009627. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009627.
[9] Kawas RF, Anderson RL, Ingle S, et al. A small-molecule modulator of cardiac myosin acts on multiple stages of the myosin chemomechanical cycle[J]. J Biol Chem, 2017,292(40):16571-16577. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.776815.
[10] Green EM, Wakimoto H, Anderson RL, et al. A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice[J]. Science, 2016,351(6273):617-621. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3456.
[11] Spoladore R, Fragasso G, Pannone L, et al. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2020,21(2):233-242. DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1702023.
[12] Tuohy CV, Kaul S, Song HK, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the future of treatment[J]. Eur J Heart Fail, 2020,22(2):228-240. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1715.
[13] Ho CY, Olivotto I, Jacoby D, et al. Study design and rationale of EXPLORER-HCM: evaluation of mavacamten in adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circ Heart Fail, 2020,13(6):e006853. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.006853.
[14] Ormerod JO, Frenneaux MP, Sherrid MV. Myocardial energy depletion and dynamic systolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2016,13(11):677-687. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.98.
[15] Ashrafian H, Redwood C, Blair E, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:a paradigm for myocardial energy depletion[J]. Trends Genet, 2003,19(5):263-268. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00081-7.
[16] Horowitz JD, Chirkov YY. Perhexiline and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a new horizon for metabolic modulation[J]. Circulation, 2010,122(16):1547-1549. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981464.
[17] Gehmlich K, Dodd MS, Allwood JW, et al. Changes in the cardiac metabolome caused by perhexiline treatment in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Mol Biosyst, 2015,11(2):564-573. DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00594e.
[18] Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Del Lungo M, et al. Response to letter regarding article, “Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy”[J]. Circulation, 2013,128(10):e157. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004016.
[19] Coppini R, Mazzoni L, Ferrantini C, et al. Ranolazine prevents phenotype development in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circ Heart Fail, 2017,10(3): e003565. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003565.
[20] Olivotto I, Hellawell JL, Farzaneh-Far R, et al. Novel approach targeting the complex pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the impact of late sodium current inhibition on exercise capacity in subjects with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (LIBERTY-HCM) Trial[J]. Circ Heart Fail, 2016,9(3):e002764. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002764.
[21] Heitner SB, Jacoby D, Lester SJ, et al. Mavacamten treatment for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a clinical trial[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2019,170(11):741-748. DOI: 10.7326/M18-3016.
[22] Abozguia K, Elliott P, McKenna W, et al. Metabolic modulator perhexiline corrects energy deficiency and improves exercise capacity in symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circulation, 2010,122(16):1562-1569. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934059.
[23] Coats CJ, Pavlou M, Watkinson OT, et al. Effect of trimetazidinedihydrochloride therapy on exercise capacity in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2019,4(3):230-235. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4847.
[24] Gentry JL 3rd, Mentz RJ, Hurdle M, et al. Ranolazine for treatment of angina or dyspnea in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients (RHYME)[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016,68(16):1815-1817. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.07.758.
[25] Olivotto I, Camici PG, Merlini PA, et al. Efficacy of ranolazinein patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the RESTYLE-HCM randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study[J]. Circ Heart Fail, 2018,11(1):e004124. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004124.
[26] Shimada YJ, Passeri JJ, Baggish AL, et al. Effects of losartanon left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. JACC Heart Fail, 2013,1(6):480-487. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2013.09.001.
[27] Axelsson A, Iversen K, Vejlstrup N, et al. Efficacy and safetyof the angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker losartan for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the INHERIT randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2015,3(2):123-131. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70241-4.
[28] Maron MS, Chan RH, Kapur NK, et al. Effect of spironolactone on myocardial fibrosis and other clinical variables in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Am J Med, 2018,131(7):837-841. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.02.025.
[29] Marian AJ, Tan Y, Li L, et al. Hypertrophy regression with N-acetylcysteine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HALT-HCM): a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study[J]. Circ Res, 2018,122(8):1109-1118. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312647.
[30] Nagueh SF, Lombardi R, Tan Y, et al. Atorvastatin and cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study[J]. Eur J Clin Invest, 2010,40(11):976-983. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02349.x.
[31] Prinz C, Schwarz M, Ilic I, et al. Myocardial fibrosis severity on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging predicts sustained arrhythmic events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Can J Cardiol, 2013,29(3):358-363. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.05.004.
[32] Lim DS, Lutucuta S, Bachireddy P, et al. Angiotensin Ⅱ blockade reverses myocardial fibrosis in a transgenic mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circulation, 2001,103(6):789-791. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.6.789.
[33] Tsybouleva N, Zhang L, Chen S, et al. Aldosterone, through novel signaling proteins, is a fundamental molecular bridge between the genetic defect and the cardiac phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circulation, 2004,109(10):1284-1291. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000121426.43044.2B.
[34] Wilder T, Ryba DM, Wieczorek DF, et al. N-acetylcysteine reverses diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2015,309(10):H1720-1730. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2015.
[35] Senthil V, Chen SN, Tsybouleva N, et al. Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by atorvastatin in a transgenic rabbit model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy[J]. Circ Res, 2005,97(3):285-292. DOI: 10.1161/01.RES. 0000177090.07296.ac.
[36] Ren X, Hensley N, Brady MB, et al. The genetic and molecular bases for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the role for calcium sensitization[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2018,32(1):478-487. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.05.035.
[37] Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, et al. Targeting myosin by blebbistatin derivatives: optimization and pharmacological potential[J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2018,43(9):700-713. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006.
[38] Huke S, Venkataraman R, Faggioni M, et al. Focal energy deprivation underlies arrhythmia susceptibility in mice with calcium-sensitized myofilaments[J]. Circ Res, 2013,112(10): 1334-1344. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301055.
[39] Heizmann CW. Ca2+-Binding Proteins of the EF-hand superfamily: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2019,1929:157-186. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_11.
[40] Coutu P, Bennett CN, Favre EG, et al. Parvalbumin corrects slowed relaxation in adult cardiac myocytes expressing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked alpha-tropomyosin mutations[J]. Circ Res, 2004,94(9):1235-1241. DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.0000126923.46786.FD.
[41] 惠汝太 . 肥厚型心肌病是一个最早能够看见解决答案的心血管疾病 ?[J]. 中国分子心脏病学杂志 ,2018,18(2):2393-2395. DOI:10.16563/j.cnki.1671-6272.2018.04.001.
[42] Fatkin D, Huttner IG, Kovacic JC, et al. Precision medicine in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-theart review[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2019,74(23):2921-2938. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.011.
[43] Felix SB, Beug D, Dörr M. Immunoadsorption therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy[J]. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2015,13(2):145-152. DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.990385.
[44] Mao C, Hou X, Wang B, et al. Intramuscular injection of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in dilated cardiomyopathy rats[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017,8(1):18. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0472-y.
[45] Naderi N, Heidarali M, Barzegari F, et al. Hormonal profile inpatients with dilated cardiomyopathy[J]. Res Cardiovasc Med, 2015,4(3):e27631. DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.27631v2.
[46] Batchelder K, Mayosi BM. Pentoxifylline for heart failure: a systematic review[J]. S Afr Med J, 2005,95(3):171-175.
[47] Davlouros PA, Gkizas V, Vogiatzi C, et al. Calcium homeostasis and kinetics in heart failure[J]. Med Chem, 2016,12(2):151-161. DOI: 10.2174/157340641202160209094548.
[48] Saxena A, Anil OM, Juneja R. Clinical and echocardiographic outcome in patients receiving carvedilol for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy[J]. Indian J Pediatr, 2013,80(7):549-554. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0954-y.
[49] Marcus FI, Fontaine GH, Guiraudon G, et al. Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases[J]. Circulation, 1982,65(2):384-398. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.65.2.384.
[50] Sen-Chowdhry S, Syrris P, Prasad SK, et al. Left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized clinical entity[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008,52(25):2175-2187. DOI:
10.1016/j.jacc.2008.09.019.
[51] Ackerman MJ, Priori SG, Willems S, et al. HRS/EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies: this document was
developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)[J]. Europace, 2011,13(8):1077-1109. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur245.
[52] Saberniak J, Hasselberg NE, Borgquist R, et al. Vigorous physical activity impairs myocardial function in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and
in mutation positive family members[J]. Eur J Heart Fail, 2014,16(12):1337-1344. DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.181.
[53] James CA, Bhonsale A, Tichnell C, et al. Exercise increases age-related penetrance and arrhythmic risk in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy-associated desmosomal mutation carriers[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013,62(14):1290-1297. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.033.
[54] Corrado D, Wichter T, Link MS, et al. Treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: an international task force consensus statement[J]. Circulation, 2015,132(5):441-453. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017944.
[55] Dalal D, Jain R, Tandri H, et al. Long-term efficacy of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007,50(5):432-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.049.
[56] Philips B, Madhavan S, James C, et al. Outcomes of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy[J]. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2012,5(3):499-505. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP. 111.968677.
[57] Pinamonti B, Dragos AM, Pyxaras SA, et al. Prognostic predictors in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: results from a 10-year registry[J]. Eur Heart J, 2011,32(9):1105-1113. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr040.
[58] Stehlik J, Kobashigawa J, Hunt SA, et al. Honoring 50 years of clinical heart transplantation in Circulation: in-depth stateof-the-art review[J]. Circulation,2018,137(1):71-87. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029753.
[59] Akhter S, Bueltmann K Jr, Huang X, et al. Restrictive cardiomyopathy mutations demonstrate functions of the C-terminal end-segment of troponin I[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2014,552-553:3-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.001.
[60] 罗群华 , 黎明江 , 王鑫 . 心肌致密化不全的发病机制和诊疗研究进展 [J]. 医学综述 ,2019,25(17):3422-3427. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2084.2019.17.018.
[61] Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF 3rd. ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering[J]. Trends Biotechnol, 2013,31(7):397-405. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.04.004.
[62] Ma H, Marti-Gutierrez N, Park SW, et al. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos[J]. Nature, 2017,548(7668):413-419. DOI: 10.1038/nature23305.